English is the language of instruction in most self-financing schools, while government and government-aided schools offer instruction in English or Malayalam. [323]:10–12, There is a tradition of matrilineal inheritance in Kerala, where the mother is the head of the household. The land lies between 8° 18' North Latitude and between 74° 52' and 77° 24' East Longitude. The total growth of the farm sector has recorded a 4.39% increase in 2012–13, over a paltry 1.3% growth in the previous fiscal year. As Kerala is a coastal land it is bordered three sides by land and one side by the Arabian sea at the west. miles 38,855 sq. [426] Kerala's birds include the Malabar trogon, the great hornbill, Kerala laughingthrush, darter and southern hill myna. Kerala culture is a complete whole made up of a blending of various religions, communities, regional cultures and language variations. Chitra, M.G. Kerala is one of the prominent tourist destinations of India, with backwaters, hill stations, beaches, Ayurvedic tourism and tropical greenery as its major attractions. The state animal of Kerala is the elephant which also features in its emblem. [329] Kerala is one of the first states in India to form a welfare policy for the transgender community. Long waiting lists for kidney donations has stimulated illegal trade in human kidneys, and prompted the establishment of the Kidney Federation of India which aims to support financially disadvantaged patients. The child marriages are particularly higher among the Muslim community. 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Their warm nature, amicable behaviour and simplicity in living welcomes all from around the world. Mappilas are but one among the many communities that forms the Muslim population of Kerala. [340][341] However, the Human Development Report 2005, prepared by Centre for Development Studies envisages a virtuous phase of inclusive development for the state since the advancement in human development had already started aiding the economic development of the state. "Jews in India." Timber trees like teak and rosewood are grown in this region. Some of the popular Malayalam television channels are Media One TV, Asianet, Asianet News, Asianet Plus, Asianet Movies, Surya TV, Kiran TV, Mazhavil Manorama, Manorama News, Kairali TV, Kairali WE, Kairali People, Flowers, Kappa TV, Amrita TV, Reporter TV, Jaihind, Jeevan TV, Mathrubhumi News, Kaumudy TV, Shalom TV, and Janam TV. [283] New projects for hill and coastal highways were recently announced under KIIFB. [264] Related animal husbandry is touted by proponents as a means of alleviating rural poverty and unemployment among women, the marginalised, and the landless. [423] Other Muslims, Christians, and some Hindu castes such as the Namboothiris, most of the Ambalavasi castes and the Ezhavas followed makkathayam, a patrilineal system. It was formed on 1 November 1956, following the passage of the States Reorganisation Act, by combining Malayalam-speaking regions of the erstwhile states of Travancore-Cochin and Madras. [127] On 1 November 1956, the taluk of Kasargod in the South Kanara district of Madras, the Malabar district of Madras, and Travancore-Cochin, without four southern taluks (which joined Tamil Nadu), merged to form the state of Kerala under the States Reorganisation Act. Kerala is a state on the southwestern Malabar Coast of India. On the basis of location and active geomorphic processes, it is divided into Western and eastern Coastal Plains. The maritime spice trade monopoly in the Indian Ocean (Indu Maha Samundr) stayed with the Arabs during the High and Late Middle Ages. [326][327][328], Kerala has been at the forefront of LGBT issues in India. The state's largest checkpoint, Walayar, is on NH 544, in the border town between Kerala and Tamil Nadu, through which a large amount of public and commercial transportation reaches the northern and central districts of Kerala. At present the corporation has 5373 buses running on 4795 schedules.[295][296]. [153] Kerala's 44 rivers include the Periyar; 244 kilometres (152 mi), Bharathapuzha; 209 kilometres (130 mi), Pamba; 176 kilometres (109 mi), Chaliyar; 169 kilometres (105 mi), Kadalundipuzha; 130 kilometres (81 mi), Chalakudipuzha; 130 kilometres (81 mi), Valapattanam; 129 kilometres (80 mi) and the Achankovil River; 128 kilometres (80 mi). Encyclopædia Britannica Online. [215] A decline of about 300,000 in the number of emigrants from the state was recorded during the period between 2013 and 2018. It is known that the Menons in the Malabar region of Kerala were originally strong believers of Jainism. [71] The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 sesterces;[72] contemporary Sangam literature describes Roman ships coming to Muziris in Kerala, laden with gold to exchange for pepper. [262] The key agricultural staple is rice, with varieties grown in extensive paddy fields. Among the three rivers in the district, the Neyyar (56 km or 35 mi), the southernmost river of the Kerala state, has its origin in the Agasthyamala, the second-highest peak in the Western Ghats. Physical features. Physical features. [416]Jainism has a considerable following in the Wayanad district. India's Jewish Heritage: Ritual, Art and Life-Cycle, Mumbai: Marg Publications, 2009. [88][89] Under Kulasekhara rule, Kerala witnessed a developing period of art, literature, trade and the Bhakti movement of Hinduism. [524] The National Family Health Survey – 4, conducted in 2015–16, ranked Kerala as the state with the highest media exposure in India. During the summer, the state is prone to gale-force winds, storm surges, cyclone-related torrential downpours, occasional droughts, and rises in sea level. India's physical features include the Himalayan mountains, the Indo-Gangetic Plain and finally the plateau region. [185] The Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation is the largest corporation in Kerala while Kochi metropolitan area named Kochi UA is the largest urban agglomeration. 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[338] Kerala is also widely regarded as the cleanest and healthiest state in India. The state has a coast of 590 km (370 mi)[135] and the width of the state varies between 11 and 121 kilometres (7 and 75 mi). The forests in the tail end of Western Ghats form the most diverse and unknown ecosystem in Peninsular India.[6]. Transport services are mainly provided by country craft and passenger vessels. [130][131][132] His government implemented land and educational reforms. The Deccan Plateau- a triangular landmass lying on the south of the Narmada River. [227] A mining sector of 0.3% of GSDP involves extraction of ilmenite, kaolin, bauxite, silica, quartz, rutile, zircon, and sillimanite. [37] Lacking worthy enemies, he besieged the sea by throwing his spear into it. It is the only metro rail system in Kerala. [562] Many advertisements branded Kerala with the tagline Kerala, God's Own Country. The lowlands are comparatively narrow, consisting of rivers, deltas and seashore. [9], December to February are the coolest months. [1] The Portuguese took advantage of the rivalry between the Zamorin and the King of Kochi allied with Kochi. [34][35] Al-Biruni (973–1048 CE) must have been the first writer to call this country Malabar. 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