Exploitation and development were, however, delayed by World War II.[83]. [65], Following his swearing in as crown prince of the Wahhabi in 1788, Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz moved to expand Wahhabi territory eastward towards the Persian Gulf and Qatar. 1915' [1000] (1155/1782), p. 1001. [67] In 1783, Qatar-based Bani Utbah clans and allied Arab tribes invaded and annexed Bahrain from the Persians. The UN Committee Against Torture found that these practices constituted a breach of the obligations imposed by the UN Convention Against Torture. [166], In June 2017, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, Egypt and Yemen broke diplomatic ties with Qatar, accusing Qatar of supporting terrorism,[167] escalating a dispute over Qatar's support of the Muslim Brotherhood, considered a terrorist organization by those five Arab nations. Based on this census, which includes only the residents in cities, the total population in 1892 was 9,830. The Jebel Dukhan area also contains Qatar's main onshore oil deposits, while the natural gas fields lie offshore, to the northwest of the peninsula. Qatari troops were also removed from the military coalition in Yemen. In 2014, it replaced the former Doha International Airport as Qatar's principal airport. What's Going On? Growing numbers of foreign-educated Qataris, including many educated in the US, are returning home to assume key positions formerly occupied by expatriates. Exchange of Notes constituting an Agreement between the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Kuwait regarding relations between the United ... Exchange of Notes concerning the Termination of Special Treaty Relations ... Northern Ireland and the State of Qatar, 3 September 1971, A Treaty of Friendship and an Exchange of Notes, each entered into on 3 September 1971. It's a small country, but potent in so many ways. [311][312] As part of its national development strategy, Qatar has outlined a 10-year strategic plan to improve the level of education. [20] In terms of income, the country has the third-highest GDP (PPP) per capita in the world,[21] and the sixth-highest GNI per capita (Atlas method). Qatar’s GPS Coordinates The GPS coordinates of Qatar are a latitude of 25.3548° N and a longitude of 51.1839° E. Located in the Middle East, Qatar is situated in the northern hemisphere as well as the eastern hemisphere. [284], On 2 December 2010, Qatar won their bid to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, despite never previously qualifying for the FIFA World Cup Finals. It lies between latitudes 24° and 27° N, and longitudes 50° and 52° E. Most of the country consists of a low, barren plain, covered with sand. led the Muslim conquest of Persia which resulted in the fall of the Sasanian Empire. Qatar is a country with a small population which is located in the continent/region of Asia. [126][128], Alcohol consumption is partially legal in Qatar; some five-star luxury hotels are allowed to sell alcohol to their non-Muslim customers. [56][57] When the caliphate's prosperity declined in Iraq, so too did it in Qatar. Qatar is located on a small peninsula extending into the Persian Gulf and connected to the Arabian Peninsula to the south, where it has a land border with Saudi Arabia . Qatari-Ottoman relations, however, soon stagnated, and in 1882 they suffered further setbacks when the Ottomans refused to aid Al Thani in his expedition of Abu Dhabi-occupied Khawr al Udayd. Address: Souq Waqif, Al Jasra, Doha, Qatar. With only 54.68 miles of water areas, the remaining 6780.32 square miles are made up of land. [69], As punishment for piracy, an East India Company vessel bombarded Doha in 1821, destroying the town and forcing hundreds of residents to flee. [163], Qatar has hosted academic, religious, political, and economic conferences. Since 2002, Qatar has hosted the annual Tour of Qatar, a cycling race in six stages. [220] Qatar is the leading exporter of liquefied natural gas. Large natural gas reserves have, however, been located off Qatar's northeast coast. [185][186] Qatar retains the death penalty, mainly for threats against national security such as terrorism. Qatar is a strategic ally of China, with relationship between the two countries growing stronger. [274] Criticism of the government, Emir and ruling family in the media is illegal. [38], In 1995, Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani seized control of the country from his father Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani, with the support of the armed forces and cabinet, as well as neighbouring states[88] and France. Located in the heart of Doha, between Al Asmakh street and Al Ahmed Street. [54][55], Substantial development in the pearling industry around the Qatari Peninsula occurred during the Abbasid era. [292] The Qatar 2022 organising committee have responded to various allegations by claiming that hosting the World Cup in Qatar would act as a "catalyst for change" in the region. Geographically, Qatar is a small peninsular of about 3 times the land area of the Emirate of Dubai, but this is where straight out number-based comparisons can be misleading. The eighth Emir of Qatar is Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, whose father Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani handed power to him on 25 June 2013. [253][254][255], Arabic is the official language of Qatar, with Qatari Arabic the local dialect. Oil production will not remain at the peak level of 500,000 barrels (80,000 m³) per day for long as the national oil fields are projected to be largely depleted by 2023. In terms of percentages, Qatar is 99.2% land and 0.8% water. [117] Only Muslims considered medically fit are liable to have such sentences carried out. Oil was discovered in Qatar in 1940, in Dukhan Field. The Dawhat Salwa Bay is along the western coastline of Qatar. [283] For the first time in the country's history, the Qatar national football team won the AFC Asian Cup in the 2019 edition hosted in the UAE, beating Japan 3–1 in the final. [46] Monasteries were constructed and further settlements were founded during this era. Qatar is a country that is considered small. [265] This, and several other Qatari museums, like the Arab Museum of Modern Art, falls under the Qatar Museums Authority (QMA) which is led by Sheikha Al-Mayassa bint Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani, the sister of the ruling Emir of the State of Qatar, and the prominent collector and art patron Sheikh Hassan bin Mohammed Al Thani. [116] Codified family law was introduced in 2006. An exception is the Arabian red fox, which can be spotted during the (winter) day. [71] [294], Though football is the most popular sport, other team sports have experienced considerable success at senior level. [71] The Bahraini hostilities were in violation of the Perpetual Truce of Peace and Friendship of 1861. Qatar plays an active role in the collective defense efforts of the Gulf Cooperation Council; the other five members are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, the UAE, and Oman. Where is Qatar? Qatar allowed coalition troops from Canada to use the country as an airbase to launch aircraft on CAP duty and also permitted air forces from the United States and France to operate in its territories. [80][82] On 5 May 1935, while agreeing an oil concession with the British oil company, the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, Abdullah signed another treaty with the British government which granted Qatar protection against internal and external threats. Luxembourg came a distant second with nearly $80,000 and Singapore third with per capita income of about $61,000. Qatar commissioned international law firm DLA Piper to produce a report investigating the immigrant labour system. [199] Human rights activists praised Qatar's decision. Senate hearing has the answer", Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2011: Qatar, "US State Dept's Country Political Profile – Qatar", "Qatar shows how to manage a modern monarchy", "Population of Qatar by nationality – 2017 report", "GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) | Data", "GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) | Data", "2019 Human Development Index Ranking | Human Development Reports", "Indices & Data | Human Development Reports", "IFES Election Guide – Elections: Qatar Referendum Apr 29 2003", "Tiny Kingdom's Huge Role in Libya Draws Concern", "Qatar admits sending hundreds of troops to support Libya rebels", "Middle Powers: Squeezed out or Adaptive? The 11th annual Doha Forum recently brought in key thinkers, professionals of various backgrounds, and political figures from all over the world to discuss democracy, media and information technology, free trade, and water security issues. [104][105] The Al Thani dynasty has been ruling Qatar since the family house was established in 1825. Qatar's winning bid for the 2022 World Cup was greeted enthusiastically in the Persian Gulf region as it was the first time a country in the Middle East had been selected to host the tournament. [222], In 2012, Qatar retained its title of richest country in the world (according to per capita income) for the third time in a row, having first overtaken Luxembourg in 2010. On 3 November 1916, the sheikh of Qatar entered into treaty relations with the United Kingdom. In addition, the Ottomans supported the Ottoman subject Mohammed bin Abdul Wahab who attempted to supplant Al Thani as kaymakam of Qatar in 1888. [126][127] Blasphemy can result in up to seven years in prison, while proselytising can incur a 10-year sentence. [290] A 2014 investigation by The Guardian reports that migrant workers who have been constructing luxurious offices for the organisers of the 2022 World Cup have not been paid in over a year, and are now "working illegally from cockroach-infested lodgings. [229][230], As of 2012[update], Qatar has proven oil reserves of 15 billion barrels and gas fields that account for more than 13% of the global resource. [303] Qatar University, founded in 1973, is the country's oldest and largest institution of higher education. However, the bid has been embroiled in much controversy, including allegations of bribery and interference in the investigation of the alleged bribery. ", "New Hope for Democracy in a Dynastic Land", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects (PPP valuation of country GDP)", "Qatar: Migrant Construction Workers Face Abuse", World Cup Host Qatar Ranked Among Worst Places to Work by Unions, "Doing Business in Qatar: 2012 Country Commercial Guide for U.S. Companies", "New Qatar emir shakes up sovereign wealth fund", "Qatar Holding LLC Among Investors in BlackBerrys $1 Billion Convertible Debt", "Qatar fund quietly builds $1bn Bank of America stake", "Qatar: what's next for the world's most aggressive deal hunter? As of 2014[update], it has investments around the world in Valentino, Siemens, Printemps, Harrods, The Shard, Barclays Bank, Heathrow Airport, Paris Saint-Germain F.C., Volkswagen Group, Royal Dutch Shell, Bank of America, Tiffany, Agricultural Bank of China, Sainsbury's, BlackBerry,[225] and Santander Brasil. This positioning tells us that Qatar is located above the equator. The country Qatar is located on the continent of Asia. Hamad Port is Qatar's main seaport, located south of Doha in the Umm Al Houl area. [52], Qatar was described as a famous horse and camel breeding centre during the Umayyad period. They retreated to Shebaka fortress, where they were again forced to draw back from a Qatari incursion. [89] Trade and industry in the emirate is overseen by the Ministry of Business and Trade. [2] In 2003, Qatar adopted a constitution that provided for the direct election of 30 of the 45 members of the Legislative Council. Barack Obama describes 'rough patches' with Michelle In May 2014 DLA Piper released over 60 recommendations for reforming the kafala system including the abolition of exit visas and the introduction of a minimum wage which Qatar has pledged to implement. The shining jewel of Qatar, Doha is a multicultural city, home to most of the country's population as well as expatriate communities from a range of origins. In turn, the Qatari government's spending plans had to be cut to match lower income. In 2003, the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum, with almost 98% in favour. In 1915, with the presence of British gunboats in the harbour, Abdullah bin Jassim Al Thani (who was pro-British) persuaded the remainder to abandon the fort and, when British troops approached the following morning, they found it deserted. [233] On the northern coast, Ras Laffan Port serves as the most extensive LNG exporting facility in the world. In 2015, the national handball team emerged as runners-up to France in the World Men's Handball Championship as hosts, however the tournament was marred by numerous controversies regarding the host nation and its team. [108] The Emir has the exclusive power to appoint and remove the prime minister and cabinet ministers who, together, constitute the Council of Ministers, which is the supreme executive authority in the country. Other for-profit universities have also established campuses in the city. But the country's population has soared to 1.83 million by the end of 2012, showing 7.5% growth over the previous year. Qatar is located in the Arabian Peninsula, Middle East and lies between latitudes 25° 30' N, and longitudes 51° 15' E. With a length of 111.85 miles and a width of 52.82 miles, the total area of Qatar is approximately 6,835 square miles. The unemployment rate in June 2013 was 0.1%. Taking only the entire area into consideration, Qatar is the 158th largest country across the globe. [212], Before the discovery of oil, the economy of the Qatari region focused on fishing and pearl hunting. [112][113], The vision of the Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs (Qatar) is "to build a contemporary Islamic society along with fostering the Sharee’ah and cultural heritage". Qatar is an oil-rich peninsula sharing border with the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia, strategically located near major petroleum deposits. [299], On 3 September 2020, the Education City Stadium, hosted its first match ever official match, where the local clubs Al Sadd SC and Al Kharaitiyat SC contested the season-opener of 2020-21 Qatar Stars League. Islamic polygyny is permitted. Qatar National Day, hosted annually on 18 December, has had an important role in developing a sense of national identity. [190], In May 2012, Qatari officials declared their intention to allow the establishment of an independent trade union. It is at a magical meridian that breathes in both the northern and eastern hemispheres. The country has not accepted compulsory International Court of Justice jurisdiction. [136] Female tourists were advised not to wear leggings, miniskirts, sleeveless dresses, or short or tight clothing in public. [52] Archaeological remains from the 9th century suggest that Qatar's inhabitants used greater wealth to construct higher quality homes and public buildings. The Ottomans and Egyptians assaulted the western front, while the Al Khalifa in Bahrain and the Omanis launched an attack against the eastern front. With knowledge of the population and the total area, the population density can be configured. Qatar's economy was in a downturn from 1982 to 1989. "[161] The Foreign Minister of Qatar has denied supporting Hamas, saying that the country "[does] not support Hamas[,] but support[s] the Palestinians. [250], The Christian population is composed almost entirely of foreigners. The Aspire Tower is the tallest of Qatar’s skyscrapers, at 300 metres. ", "Qatar, China enjoy strong ties based on respect", "Commentary: Isolated Qatar pivots towards China, as its ties with Gulf states wane", "Qatar relies on US base amid Gulf tensions", "For Qatar, relations with West are a balancing act", "Taking Outsize Role in Syria, Qatar Funnels Arms to Rebels", "Qatar and Saudi Arabia sign defense agreement", "Qatar recognizes Libyan rebels after oil deal", "Qatar's Support of Islamists Alienates Allies Near and Far", "GCC's 2014 Crisis: Causes, Issues and Solutions", "CIA and Saudi weapons for Syrian rebels fueled black market arms trafficking, report says", 'Army of Conquest' rebel alliance pressures Syria regime, "Turkey and Saudi Arabia alarm the West by backing Islamist extremists the Americans had bombed in Syria", "Egypt's Mohammed Morsi: A turbulent presidency cut short. Qatar was an early member of OPEC and a founding member of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). [244] Most Qatari citizens belong to the Salafi Muslim movement of Wahhabism,[245][246][247] and between 5–15% of Muslims in Qatar follow Shia Islam with other Muslims sects being very small in number. Qatar (/ˈkætɑːr/,[10] /ˈkɑːtɑːr/ (listen), /ˈkɑːtər/ or /kəˈtɑːr/ (listen);[11] Arabic: قطر‎ Qaṭar [ˈqatˤar]; local vernacular pronunciation: [ˈɡɪtˤɑr]),[12][13] officially the State of Qatar (Arabic: دولة قطر‎ Dawlat Qaṭar), is a country located in Western Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. [259], In 2012, Qatar joined the international French-speaking organisation of La Francophonie (OIF) as a new associate member, but in December 2013, the French daily Le Monde revealed that Qatar, which has very few native French speakers, had not yet paid any contribution to the OIF,[260] while the outgoing Administrator of the OIF complained in 2015 that Qatar had not kept any of the promises it made when it joined the organisation and had never paid its annual membership fees.[261]. Map; Longitude & Latitude With the economy recovering in the 1990s, expatriate populations, particularly from Egypt and South Asia, have grown again. [182][183] Qatar was suspended from the coalition in Yemen due to the 2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis. [164] In more recent times, Qatar has hosted peace talks between rival factions across the globe. [44] Qatar played a role in the commercial activity of the Sasanids, contributing at least two commodities: precious pearls and purple dye. Doha holds the WTA Premier tournament Qatar Ladies Open annually. [143] According to leaked documents published in The New York Times, Qatar's record of counter-terrorism efforts was the "worst in the region". [30][31], Pliny the Elder, a Roman writer, documented the earliest account pertaining to the inhabitants of the peninsula around the mid-first century AD, referring to them as the Catharrei, a designation which may have derived from the name of a prominent local settlement. [314], This article is about the country. Qatar is located in the Middle East. [216] It relies heavily on foreign labor to grow its economy, to the extent that migrant workers compose 86% of the population and 94% of the workforce. [114][115] Sharia law is applied to family law, inheritance, and several criminal acts (including adultery, robbery and murder). In April 2013, a Muslim expatriate was sentenced to 40 lashes for alcohol consumption,[121][122][123] and in June 2014, a Muslim expatriate was sentenced to 40 lashes for consuming alcohol and driving under the influence. Qatar can be considered to be located on the Arabian Peninsula. The research put Qatar's GDP at $182bn in 2012 and said it had climbed to an all-time high due to soaring gas exports and high oil prices. Tour of Qatar is organised by the Qatar Cycling Federation for professional riders in the category of Elite Men. "Qatar: Historical Background. [111], According to Qatar's Constitution, Sharia law is the main source of Qatari legislation,[112][113] although in practice, Qatar's legal system is a mixture of civil law and Sharia law. Qatar is expected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup from 21 November to 18 December, becoming the first Arab country to do so. The contingent of expatriates which are not of South Asian origin represent around 28% of Qatar's population, of which the largest group is 260,000 Filipinos and 200,000 Egyptians, plus many other nationalities (including nationals of other Arab countries, Europeans, etc.).[19]. [270], Due to the increasing number of Qataris who began receiving formal education during the 1950s and other significant societal changes, 1970 witnessed the introduction of the first short story anthology, and in 1993 the first locally authored novels were published. Human habitation of Qatar dates back to 50,000 years ago. Therefore, fluctuations in the country's population are erratic and high spikes in population are common. [64], In 1766, members of the Al Khalifa family of the Utub tribal confederation migrated from Kuwait to Zubarah in Qatar. Historical. Notable achievements included the restoration of security and stability, progress made in construction and reconstruction processes, return of displaced residents and uniting of Darfur people to face challenges and push forward the peace process. Following Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971. [80] Oil reserves were first discovered in 1939. [95] It is also currently a major funder of weapons for rebel groups in the Syrian civil war. [252] Active churches include the Mar Thoma Church, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church, the Roman Catholic Church of Our Lady of the Rosary and the Anglican Church of the Epiphany. [177][301], The illiteracy rate in Qatar was 3.1% for males and 4.2% for females in 2012, the lowest in the Arab-speaking world, but 86th in the world. [86] This was done under an agreement reached between the Ruler of Qatar and the Government of the United Kingdom. OPEC quotas on crude oil production, the lower price for oil, and the generally unpromising outlook on international markets reduced oil earnings. In 2008 Qatar spent US$2.3 billion on military expenditures, 2.3% of the gross domestic product. [51] After the adoption of Islam, the Arabs[which?] What about the country's energy consumption? The capital is the eastern coastal city of Doha. Ashghal works in tandem with the Urban Planning and Development Authority (UPDA), the body that designed the transportation master plan, instituted in March 2006 and running to 2025. Doha is located in Qatar (Baladīyat ad Dawḩah) and time zone Asia/Qatar. Because of offshore "[291] For 2014, Nepalese migrants involved in constructing infrastructure for the 2022 World Cup died at a rate of one every two days. Abdul Jalil Al-Tabatabai and Mohammed bin Abdullah bin Uthaymeen, two poets dating back to the early 19th century, formed the corpus of Qatar's earliest written poetry. Qatar's heavy industrial projects, all based in Umm Said, include a refinery with a 50,000 barrels (8,000 m³) per day capacity, a fertiliser plant for urea and ammonia, a steel plant, and a petrochemical plant. [79], By the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1913, the Ottomans agreed to renounce their claim to Qatar and withdraw their garrison from Doha. It occupies a small peninsula itself (Qatar Peninsula) and is surrounded by the waters of the Persian Gulf. Qatar's culture is similar to other countries in Eastern Arabia, being significantly influenced by Islam. Qatar is located in the continent of Asia. [75] The Ottoman government imposed reformist (Tanzimat) measures concerning taxation and land registration to fully integrate these areas into the empire. Laws and decrees proposed by the Council of Ministers are referred to the Advisory Council (Majilis Al Shura) for discussion after which they are submitted to the Emir for ratification. 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